| Keyword | Simple Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Programming Language | A programming language is a way to give instructions to a computer, just like we give instructions to students in class. | Just like English is used to teach subjects, R is used to teach computers how to analyze data. |
| R Programming | R is a programming language specially made for working with data, numbers, and graphs. | A teacher checks students’ marks using R instead of calculating manually. |
| Data Handling | Data handling means collecting, storing, cleaning, and using data properly. | Like arranging student records in a register so nothing is missing or wrong. |
| Arrays | An array is a container that stores multiple values together in order. | A row of benches in a classroom where each bench has one student. |
| Vectors (R) | A vector is the most basic data structure in R that stores similar values. | A list of marks of all students in Mathematics. |
| Data Wrangling | Data wrangling means cleaning messy data so it becomes useful. | Correcting wrong roll numbers and missing marks before result preparation. |
| Data Cleaning | Removing errors, duplicates, and missing values from data. | Removing absent students’ names before calculating class average. |
| Tidyverse | Tidyverse is a collection of R packages that make data handling easy and readable. | Like a full stationery box instead of buying pen, pencil, and eraser separately. |
| dplyr | A tidyverse package used to filter, sort, and summarize data. | Selecting only passed students from a class list. |
| tidyr | Helps in reshaping data into a clean and organized format. | Rearranging attendance sheets into proper rows and columns. |
| ggplot2 | A package used to create beautiful and meaningful graphs in R. | Drawing bar charts on the blackboard to explain student performance. |
| Data Visualization | Showing data in graphs and charts for easy understanding. | A pie chart showing boys vs girls in a class. |
| IDE (Integrated Development Environment) | Software that helps programmers write, run, and debug code in one place. | Like a classroom with board, chalk, and books all together. |
| RStudio | RStudio is an IDE specially designed for R programming. | A smart classroom made only for teaching mathematics efficiently. |
| Console | The place where commands are executed in RStudio. | A teacher asking a question and getting an immediate answer from students. |
| Script Editor | Where we write and save R code for future use. | Writing lesson notes in a notebook instead of loose papers. |
| Packages | Extra tools that add more power to R. | Installing a projector in class to teach better. |
| CRAN | The official storehouse of R packages. | A library where teachers borrow books. |
| Data Analysis | Finding meaning and patterns from data. | Analyzing exam results to find weak subjects. |
| Statistics | The science of collecting and analyzing data. | Calculating class average and highest marks. |
| Reproducible Research | Getting the same result every time using the same code and data. | Checking answer sheets using the same marking scheme for all students. |
The importance of R Programming for Data Analysis cannot be overstated in today’s data-driven world. Mastering R Programming for Data Analysis equips individuals with the skills necessary for effective data manipulation and visualization.
Reference book for further reading…
R for Data Science by Hadley Wickhamhttps://r4ds.had.co.nz/